Cambodia went to the polls early on July 29 in an election set to be easily won by strongman premier Hun Sen after the only credible opposition was dissolved last year, effectively turning the country into a one-party state.
/ AFP PHOTO / Manan VATSYAYANA
by Suy Se and Joe Freeman
Agence France Presse
PHNOM PENH, Cambodia — Cambodia’s ruling party said it had won a landslide in Sunday’s one-horse election, an expected outcome after the main opposition was banned, paving the way for leader Hun Sen to prolong his 33 years in power.
Hun Sen, who came to power in 1985 in a country still plagued by civil war, has cracked down on dissent in the run-up to this year’s poll, pressuring civil society, independent media and political opponents.
That left him with little competition and no serious challengers.
Cambodian People’s Party (CPP) spokesman Sok Eysan told AFP late Sunday they expected to win “over 100 seats” in the 125-seat parliament, citing preliminary figures from the National Election Committee.
“The CPP will get more than 80 percent of the popular vote,” he said. “This is a huge victory for us.”
Hun Sen, 65, a one-time defector from the brutal Khmer Rouge regime, has pointed to stability and growth as the fruits of his rule — a message that resonates with his base.
“Compatriots have chosen the democratic path and used your rights,” he said on his Facebook page after polls closed in an apparent swipe at the opposition, which called for a boycott.
Voter turnout was 82 percent, according to the election committee, surpassing the final figure in 2013 of roughly 69 percent when the opposition took part.
– Spoiled ballots –
But there were also signs of despondency and indifference, and an expert on elections in Southeast Asia said the high turnout was misleading.
“With one-party rule election turnout is generally higher, not lower, because the party, in this case the Cambodian People’s Party, relies on voter intimidation more, relies on vote buying more, and turnout should be inflated that way,” said Lee Morgenbesser from the school of government and international relations at Griffith University.
Pictures of spoiled ballots circulated on social media though they could not be independently verified. AFP correspondents saw dozens of blank ballots set aside during counting.
“I did not go to vote. I slept at home,” said Khem Chan Vannak, a former commune chief elected with the now-banned opposition Cambodia National Rescue Party (CNRP).
“A lot of my friends did not go to vote.”
Western governments withdrew their assistance from the election, citing its lack of credibility.
Canada’s Foreign Ministry said in a statement after the vote that “the election campaign was widely recognized to have been marred by voter intimidation and manipulation of the polls”.
Canada “strongly supports their (Cambodians’) right to freely choose their leaders,” it added.
Nineteen small — or hitherto unknown — parties competed against the ruling CPP in the absence of the CNRP. But analysts say they are too obscure or new to make a meaningful difference.
The CPP has won every election since 1998.
The opposition, whose leaders are in jail, underground or in self-exile, urged a “clean-finger” boycott as the only safe form of protest, a reference to the ink applied to people’s hands after they vote.
Official results are expected on August 15.
– Hun Sen leadership-
More than eight million voters registered for the sixth general election since polls were organised by the United Nations in 1993.
At the time the country was emerging from decades of war, including the Khmer Rouge years from 1975-79 which killed a quarter of the population.
Hun Sen was installed aged just 32 as national leader during the Vietnamese occupation of 1979-89.
But a youthful population angered by corruption and with little memory of the Khmer Rouge era put the ruling party’s longevity in doubt.
Their votes helped the CNRP to secure more than 44 percent of the vote in 2013 and a similar share in local elections last year.
But Hun Sen snuffed out the looming electoral threat, accusing the rescue party of being involved in a plot to topple the government and arresting leader Kem Sokha. The Supreme Court dissolved the party in November 2017.
“This is a story of how democratic dreams die under the fist of a dictator,” Phil Robertson, deputy director of the Asia division of Human Rights Watch, said.
– Power and patronage –
A climate of fear driven by local-level ruling party members has made many reluctant to openly criticise the vote.
The election committee, which has been accused of being biased towards the ruling party, said there was no voter intimidation.
Hun Sen has maintained his grip on the country through political and family alliances in the police, military and media. He has placed his sons in key positions in what analysts see as an attempt to create a dynasty.
The United States and the European Union declined to send monitors for Sunday’s election but Cambodia’s ally China provided support.
Sam Rainsy, an opposition figure who lives in self-exile in France, said the foregone election victory was a “hollow one”.
The CNRP appealed to Cambodians not to vote in the “sham election that has no support and is not recognised by the international community”.
Authorities have vowed to take action against anyone who urges a poll boycott even though they insist voting is not compulsory.
© Agence France-Presse